原文來自下面＜禪心論壇＞對佛友的回覆。
http://www.zenheart.hk/viewthread.php?tid=16071&extra=page%3D1
其問題是南傳佛教對於「變性人可否出家當比丘或比丘尼」的看法。
http://www.zenheart.hk/viewthread.php?tid=16071&extra=page%3D1
其問題是南傳佛教對於「變性人可否出家當比丘或比丘尼」的看法。
－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－
抱歉末學對南傳佛教有關方面的問題並沒有探究過。「變性人」巴利文是Pandaka，也就是律典中常見「黃門」的其中一種。
末 學用Pandaka一詞搜尋英文的相關資料，搜尋到屬於南傳佛教比丘所撰寫的「The Buddhist Monastic Code Volume II」by Thanissaro Bhikkhu (Geoffrey DeGraff)，其中第１４章－「Ordination」（授戒）一文內，對成為比丘的資格有如下的說明（註１）：
A person may be absolutely disqualified if he:
(1) has an abnormal gender;（性別異常）
(2) has committed any of the five grave deeds (anantariya-kamma);（犯五逆罪）
(3) he has seriously wronged the Dhamma-Vinaya; or（嚴重違反佛法和戒律）
(4) is an animal.（是畜牲）
The Canon states that such people may not receive full Acceptance. The Commentary adds (with one exception, noted below) that they may not receive the Going-forth. Even if they receive ordination, they do not count as ordained. Once the truth about them is discovered, they must immediately be expelled.
(1) The prohibition for abnormal gender covers pandakas and hermaphrodites. According to the Commentary, there are five kinds of pandakas, two of whom do not come under this prohibition: voyeurs and those whose sexual fever is allayed by performing fellatio. The three who do come under this prohibition are: castrated men (eunuchs), those born neuter, and half-time pandakas (people who are sometimes neuter, sometimes male (?)). In the origin story for this prohibition, a pandaka who had received Acceptance unsuccessfully propositioned some bhikkhus and novices, then succeeded in propositioning some horse- and elephant-trainers, who spread it about, "These Sakyan contemplatives are pandakas. And those among them who are not pandakas commit indiscretions with pandakas."
從上文可知，律典原文（Canon）指明abnormal gender（性別異常）是完全沒有資格成為比丘的。這個典故是因為「過去曾有一個受了戒的黃門曾經意圖挑逗比丘行淫不成功，但就成功挑逗養馬和養象的人行淫，此事後來傳出各處。」自此便禁止這類人出家受戒。
一些補充，南傳佛教已經沒有比丘尼的傳承，女眾出家亦只能成為沙彌尼。在南傳佛教的傳統，比丘是不可以為女眾傳授比丘尼戒的。另外，肢體殘缺的人也不可以受比丘戒，如果對殘缺者傳授比丘戒，那些傳戒的比丘便犯了突吉羅罪（見帕奧禪師的《菩提資糧》－即席問答5-19）。
註１
The Buddhist Monastic Code Volume II」by Thanissaro Bhikkhu (Geoffrey DeGraff)
http://www.greatwesternvehicle.org/ati_website/lib/authors/thanissaro/bmc2/ch14.html
抱歉末學對南傳佛教有關方面的問題並沒有探究過。「變性人」巴利文是Pandaka，也就是律典中常見「黃門」的其中一種。
末 學用Pandaka一詞搜尋英文的相關資料，搜尋到屬於南傳佛教比丘所撰寫的「The Buddhist Monastic Code Volume II」by Thanissaro Bhikkhu (Geoffrey DeGraff)，其中第１４章－「Ordination」（授戒）一文內，對成為比丘的資格有如下的說明（註１）：
A person may be absolutely disqualified if he:
(1) has an abnormal gender;（性別異常）
(2) has committed any of the five grave deeds (anantariya-kamma);（犯五逆罪）
(3) he has seriously wronged the Dhamma-Vinaya; or（嚴重違反佛法和戒律）
(4) is an animal.（是畜牲）
The Canon states that such people may not receive full Acceptance. The Commentary adds (with one exception, noted below) that they may not receive the Going-forth. Even if they receive ordination, they do not count as ordained. Once the truth about them is discovered, they must immediately be expelled.
(1) The prohibition for abnormal gender covers pandakas and hermaphrodites. According to the Commentary, there are five kinds of pandakas, two of whom do not come under this prohibition: voyeurs and those whose sexual fever is allayed by performing fellatio. The three who do come under this prohibition are: castrated men (eunuchs), those born neuter, and half-time pandakas (people who are sometimes neuter, sometimes male (?)). In the origin story for this prohibition, a pandaka who had received Acceptance unsuccessfully propositioned some bhikkhus and novices, then succeeded in propositioning some horse- and elephant-trainers, who spread it about, "These Sakyan contemplatives are pandakas. And those among them who are not pandakas commit indiscretions with pandakas."
從上文可知，律典原文（Canon）指明abnormal gender（性別異常）是完全沒有資格成為比丘的。這個典故是因為「過去曾有一個受了戒的黃門曾經意圖挑逗比丘行淫不成功，但就成功挑逗養馬和養象的人行淫，此事後來傳出各處。」自此便禁止這類人出家受戒。
一些補充，南傳佛教已經沒有比丘尼的傳承，女眾出家亦只能成為沙彌尼。在南傳佛教的傳統，比丘是不可以為女眾傳授比丘尼戒的。另外，肢體殘缺的人也不可以受比丘戒，如果對殘缺者傳授比丘戒，那些傳戒的比丘便犯了突吉羅罪（見帕奧禪師的《菩提資糧》－即席問答5-19）。
註１
The Buddhist Monastic Code Volume II」by Thanissaro Bhikkhu (Geoffrey DeGraff)
http://www.greatwesternvehicle.org/ati_website/lib/authors/thanissaro/bmc2/ch14.html
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